Physiologic responses to water immersion in man: A compendium of research

A total of 221 reports published through December 1973 in the area of physiologic responses to water immersion in man were summarized. The author's abstract or summary was used whenever possible. Otherwise, a detailed annotation was provided under the subheadings: (1) purpose, (2) procedures and methods, (3) results, and (4) conclusions. The annotations are in alphabetical order by first author; author and subject indexes are included. Additional references are provided in the selected bibliography

Adaptation to prolonged bedrest in man: A compendium of research

A compilation of major studies that describe the clinical observations and elucidate the physiological mechanisms of the adaptive process of man undergoing prolonged bed rest is presented. Additional studies are included that provide background information in the form of reviews or summaries of the process. Wherever possible a detailed annotation is provided under the subheadings: (1) purpose, (2) procedure and methods, (3) results, and (4) conclusions. Additional references are provided in a selected bibliography

Perception of differentiation cues by GATA factors in primitive endoderm lineage determination of mouse embryonic stem cells

AbstractThe formation of the primitive endoderm covering the inner cell mass of early mouse embryos can be simulated in vitro by the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in culture following either aggregation of suspended cells or stimulation of cell monolayers with retinoic acid. The developmentally regulated transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 have determining role in mouse extraembryonic endoderm development. We analyzed the in vitro differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells deficient of GATA factors and conclude that GATA-4 is required for ES cells to perceive a cell positioning (cell aggregation) signal and GATA-6 is required to sense morphogenic (retinoic acid) signal. The collaboration between GATA-6 and GATA-4, or GATA-6 and GATA-5 which can substitute for GATA-4, is involved in the perception of differentiation cues by embryonic stem cells in their determination of endoderm lineage. This study indicates that the lineage differentiation of ES cells can be manipulated by the expression of GATA factors

Vocal imitations and the identification of sound events

International audienceIt is commonly observed that a speaker vocally imitates a sound that she or he intends to communicate to an interlocutor. We report on an experiment that examined the assumption that vocal imitations can e ffectively communicate a referent sound, and that they do so by conveying the features necessary for the identifi cation of the referent sound event. Subjects were required to sort a set of vocal imitations of everyday sounds. The resulting clusters corresponded in most of the cases to the categories of the referent sound events, indicating that the imitations enabled the listeners to recover what was imitated. Furthermore, a binary decision tree analysis showed that a few characteristic acoustic features predicted the clusters. These features also predicted the classi fication of the referent sounds, but did not generalize to the categorization of other sounds. This showed that, for the speaker, vocally imitating a sound consists of conveying the acoustic features important for recognition, within the constraints of human vocal production. As such vocal imitations prove to be a phenomenon potentially useful to study sound identifi cation

TRANSLOCATION OF FLUORESCENT ETHER PHOSPHOLIPID, BUT NOT ITS DIACYL COUNTERPART, AFTER INSERTION IN PLASMA-MEMBRANES OF CONTROL AND PLASMALOGEN-DEFICIENT FIBROBLASTS

Fluorescently labelled ether phospholipid (1-0-alkyl/alkenyl-2-acyl-glycerophosphocholine) readily internalizes at low temperatures (2-degrees-C) after insertion into the plasma membrane of cultured fibroblasts. This fate differs markedly from that of its diacyl phospholipid analogue, which remains associated with the plasma membrane under similar conditions. Analysis by thin-layer chromatography reveals that the translocation involves transfer of the intact ether phosphatidylcholine molecules. Relative to control cells, a 2-fold increase of ether phosphatidylcholine uptake was noted when plasmalogen deficient fibroblasts were used. Back-exchange experiments demonstrate that more than 60% of the cell-associated ether lipid is translocated within the cells, irrespective of the cell strain that was used. The potential mechanism by which the translocation process is accomplished is discussed

CCDC 679114: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: Changqing Lu, D.D.VanDerveer, D.DesMarteau|2008|Org.Lett.|10|5565|doi:10.1021/ol802399z,An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures

Synthesis of Diazonium (Perfluoroalkyl) Benzenesulfonylimide Zwitterions

The synthesis and properties of diazonium (perfluoroalkyl) benzenesulfonylimide (PFSI) zwitterions are described. The general procedures for the diazonium PFSI zwitterions involve three steps: (1) a coupling reaction, (2) a reduction reaction and (3) a diazotization reaction. These novel diazonium PFSI zwitterions represent a new versatile class of remarkably stable diazonium materials with potential for modification of carbon supports for electrodes in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells

CCDC 679117: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: D.D.DesMarteau, Changqing Lu, D.VanDerveer|2009|Tetrahedron Lett.|50|3741|doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.02.080,An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures